A1 Journal article (refereed)
Design Framework and Principles for Learning Environment Co-Design : Synthesis from Literature and Three Empirical Studies (2021)


Mäkelä, T., & Leinonen, T. (2021). Design Framework and Principles for Learning Environment Co-Design : Synthesis from Literature and Three Empirical Studies. Buildings, 11(12), Article 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120581


JYU authors or editors


Publication details

All authors or editorsMäkelä, Tiina; Leinonen, Teemu

Journal or seriesBuildings

eISSN2075-5309

Publication year2021

Publication date25/11/2021

Volume11

Issue number12

Article number581

PublisherMDPI AG

Publication countrySwitzerland

Publication languageEnglish

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120581

Publication open accessOpenly available

Publication channel open accessOpen Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX)https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/78843


Abstract

The need for environments conducive to learning and wellbeing has been broadly recognised. Considering particularly learner perceptions in the learning environment design is known to improve both their learning and wellbeing. There are no, however, shared theoretical frameworks guiding the learning environment co-design from the learner perspective. As a response to this challenge, a learning environment design (LED) framework was developed based on the literature and co-design involving learners aged 7 to 19 (n = 342) in Finland (n = 266) and Spain (n = 76). The LED framework entails 53 characteristics grouped under seven constructs. It draws attention to the importance of balancing communality with individuality, comfort with health, and novelty with conventionality. Flexibility and functionality are recognised as central enablers for a quality learning environment. The study suggests a design framework and principles for learning environment co-design. They can serve as a research-based introduction to the topic after which priorities can be defined based on the concrete design target and goals, and concrete design solutions can be created in the participatory design involving learners and other key stakeholders.


Keywordslearning environmentschool buildingsteaching premisesspace planningparticipatory designparticipatory planning

Free keywordsdesign framework; design principles; educational design research; learning and wellbeing; learning environments; participatory design; co-design


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Ministry reportingYes

Reporting Year2021

JUFO rating1


Last updated on 2024-26-03 at 09:20