A1 Journal article (refereed)
Associations of resting and peak fat oxidation with sex hormone profile and blood glucose control in middle-aged women (2022)

Karppinen, J. E., Juppi, H.-K., Hintikka, J., Wiklund, P., Haapala, E. A., Hyvärinen, M., Tammelin, T. H., Aukee, P., Kujala, U. M., Laukkanen, J., & Laakkonen, E. K. (2022). Associations of resting and peak fat oxidation with sex hormone profile and blood glucose control in middle-aged women. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 32(9), 2157-2167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.001

JYU authors or editors

Karppinen, Jari
Juppi, Hanna-Kaarina
Hintikka, Jukka
Haapala, Eero
Hyvärinen, Matti
Kujala, Urho
Laukkanen, Jari
Laakkonen, Eija

Publication details

All authors or editors: Karppinen, Jari E.; Juppi, Hanna-Kaarina; Hintikka, Jukka; Wiklund, Petri; Haapala, Eero A.; Hyvärinen, Matti; Tammelin, Tuija H.; Aukee, Pauliina; Kujala, Urho M.; Laukkanen, Jari; et al.

Journal or series: Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

ISSN: 0939-4753

eISSN: 1590-3729

Publication year: 2022

Publication date: 08/06/2022

Volume: 32

Issue number: 9

Pages range: 2157-2167

Publisher: Elsevier

Publication country: Netherlands

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.001

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Partially open access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/82825

Abstract

Background and Aims
Menopause may reduce fat oxidation. We investigated whether sex hormone profile explains resting fat oxidation (RFO) or peak fat oxidation (PFO) during incremental cycling in middle-aged women. Secondarily, we studied associations of RFO and PFO with glucose regulation.

Method and Results
We measured RFO and PFO of 42 women (age 52–58 years) with indirect calorimetry. Seven participants were pre- or perimenopausal, 26 were postmenopausal, and nine were postmenopausal hormone therapy users. Serum estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and testosterone levels were quantified with immunoassays. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) and glucose tolerance (area under the curve) were determined by glucose tolerance testing. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; physical activity with self-report and accelerometry; and diet, with food diaries. Menopausal status or sex hormone levels were not associated with the fat oxidation outcomes. RFO determinants were fat mass (β = 0.44, P = 0.006) and preceding energy intake (β = −0.41, P = 0.019). Cardiorespiratory fitness (β = 0.59, P = 0.002), lean mass (β = 0.49, P = 0.002) and physical activity (self-reported β = 0.37, P = 0.020; accelerometer-measured β = 0.35, P = 0.024) explained PFO. RFO and PFO were not related to insulin sensitivity. Higher RFO was associated with poorer glucose tolerance (β = 0.52, P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Among studied middle-aged women, sex hormone profile did not explain RFO or PFO, and higher fat oxidation capacity did not indicate better glucose control.

Keywords: menopause; lipid metabolism; oxidation (passive); hormonal factors; estradiol; glucose intolerance; insulin resistance