A1 Journal article (refereed)
Does the law matter? An empirical study on the accessibility of Finnish higher education institutions’ web pages (2022)

Laamanen, M., Ladonlahti, T., Puupponen, H., & Kärkkäinen, T. (2022). Does the law matter? An empirical study on the accessibility of Finnish higher education institutions’ web pages. Universal Access in the Information Society, Early online. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00931-6

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Laamanen, Merja; Ladonlahti, Tarja; Puupponen, Hannu; Kärkkäinen, Tommi

Journal or series: Universal Access in the Information Society

ISSN: 1615-5289

eISSN: 1615-5297

Publication year: 2022

Publication date: 14/11/2022

Volume: Early online

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Publication country: Germany

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-022-00931-6

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Partially open access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/84051

Abstract

Information and communication technology (ICT) has made higher education available to many students in a new way. The role of online learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) has grown to an unprecedented scale due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The diversity of higher education students has increased, and accessible solutions are needed. New European and national regulations support these trends. The research reported in this paper was conducted in Finland, which is one of the leading European countries in terms of high technology and digitalisation. The aim of this research is to explore the accessibility of all Finnish HEIs’ (N=38) landing pages based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.1). The situations before and after recent legislation are compared. Previous studies have shown that HEIs’ landing pages typically have many accessibility errors. Unlike previous studies, this study considered the types of accessibility errors at a detailed level to support HEIs’ development and implementation of accessibility standards. A combination of two automated accessibility testing tools was used, and the performance of individual tools was analysed. The results show that HEIs’ landing pages are not accessible and there are enormous differences between institutions. Two clusters of HEIs were found: one with good accessibility in terms of WCAG 2.1’s four principles (perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust), and one with poor accessibility. On half of the HEIs’ landing pages with poor accessibility, the number of errors increased even given the binding nature of the law. Obviously, there is still work to be done. Implications for practice are also discussed.

Keywords: accessibility; institutions of higher education; websites; web pages; testing; evaluation; students with special needs

Free keywords: web accessibility; web accessibility evaluation tools; higher education; web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG); students with special educational needs and disabilities

Contributing organizations

Related projects

Ministry reporting: Yes

Reporting Year: 2022

JUFO rating: 1