A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Geranium sylvaticum increases pollination probability by sexually dimorphic flowers (2022)
Soininen, J. O. S., & Kytöviita, M. (2022). Geranium sylvaticum increases pollination probability by sexually dimorphic flowers. Ecology and Evolution, 12(12), Article e9670. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9670
JYU-tekijät tai -toimittajat
Julkaisun tiedot
Julkaisun kaikki tekijät tai toimittajat: Soininen, Jaakko O. S.; Kytöviita, Minna‐Maarit
Lehti tai sarja: Ecology and Evolution
eISSN: 2045-7758
Julkaisuvuosi: 2022
Volyymi: 12
Lehden numero: 12
Artikkelinumero: e9670
Kustantaja: Wiley
Julkaisumaa: Britannia
Julkaisun kieli: englanti
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9670
Julkaisun avoin saatavuus: Avoimesti saatavilla
Julkaisukanavan avoin saatavuus: Kokonaan avoin julkaisukanava
Julkaisu on rinnakkaistallennettu (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/84715
Tiivistelmä
Sexual dimorphism is expressed as different morphologies between the sexes of a species. Dimorphism is pronounced in gynodioecious populations which consist of female and hermaphrodite individuals. The small size of female flowers in gynodioecious species is often explained by resource re-allocation to seed production instead of large flowers. However, pollinator attraction is critical to female fitness, and factors other than resource savings are needed to explain the small size of female flowers. We hypothesized that the floral size dimorphism in the perennial gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum (L.) is adaptive in terms of pollination. To test this “pollination hypothesis,” we video recorded the small female and large hermaphrodite G. sylvaticum flowers. We parameterized floral visitor behavior when visiting a flower and calculated pollination probabilities by a floral visitor as the probability of touching anther and stigma with the same body part. Pollination probability differed in terms of flower sex and pollinator species. Bumblebees had the highest pollination probability. The small female flowers were more likely to receive pollen via several pollinator groups than the large hermaphrodite flowers. The pollen display of hermaphrodites matched poorly with the stigma display of hermaphrodites, but well with that of females. Although the small size of female flowers is commonly explained by resource re-allocation, we show that sexual dimorphism in flower size may increase the main reproductive functions of the females and hermaphrodites. Dimorphism increases pollination probability in females and fathering probability of the hermaphrodites likely driving G. sylvaticum populations towards dioecy.
YSO-asiasanat: pölytys; pölyttäjät; siitepöly; kukat (kasvit); lajit; sukupuoli
Vapaat asiasanat: disruptive selection; flower size; Geranium sylvaticum; gynodioecy; pollination; sexual dimorphism
Liittyvät organisaatiot
OKM-raportointi: Kyllä
VIRTA-lähetysvuosi: 2022
JUFO-taso: 1