A1 Journal article (refereed)
Precipitation of potassium as hazenite from washing water of spent alkaline batteries (2022)
Lapinkangas, S., Rautio, L., Kauppinen, T., Hu, T., Pesonen, J., & Lassi, U. (2022). Precipitation of potassium as hazenite from washing water of spent alkaline batteries. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, 12, Article 100426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100426
JYU authors or editors
Publication details
All authors or editors: Lapinkangas, Suvi; Rautio, Lasse; Kauppinen, Toni; Hu, Tao; Pesonen, Janne; Lassi, Ulla
Journal or series: Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
eISSN: 2666-8211
Publication year: 2022
Publication date: 15/11/2022
Volume: 12
Article number: 100426
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Publication country: Netherlands
Publication language: English
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100426
Publication open access: Openly available
Publication channel open access: Open Access channel
Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/85063
Abstract
Hazenite (KNaMg2(PO4)2 × 14 H2O), a new type of struvite mineral, was precipitated from the potassium-rich washing water of spent alkaline battery black mass. Hazenite can be used as a fertilizer, which would be an additional benefit derived from the sustainable recovery of battery materials. Precipitation experiments were performed using different pH values (9.5–12), Mg:K:PO4 ratios ((1.0–1.5):1:(1.0–1.5)) and temperatures (10–40 °C). Based on the results, hazenite precipitated in a wide pH range under alkaline conditions. The precipitation kinetics were fast, and the purity of the hazenite was high. Overall, hazenite can be precipitated at room temperature without the addition of excess chemicals, which minimizes the consumption of chemicals and energy.
Keywords: minerals; phosphates; phosphatic fertilizers; precipitation (active); waste electronic and electrical equipment; batteries; circular economy
Free keywords: struvite; hazenite; precipitation; alkaline battery; black mass; fertilizer
Contributing organizations
Ministry reporting: Yes
VIRTA submission year: 2022
JUFO rating: 1
