G5 Doctoral dissertation (article)
Blood and lymphatic vessels and their growth factors in skeletal muscle : effects of exercise and diabetes (2008)
Liikunnan ja diabeteksen vaikutukset raajalihasten veri- ja imusuonistoon ja niiden kasvutekijöihin
Kivelä, R. (2008). Blood and lymphatic vessels and their growth factors in skeletal muscle : effects of exercise and diabetes [Doctoral dissertation]. Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden edistämissäätiö. Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden julkaisuja, 207. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-86-0313-9
JYU authors or editors
Publication details
All authors or editors: Kivelä, Riikka
ISBN: 978-951-790-251-9
eISBN: 978-952-86-0313-9
Journal or series: Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden julkaisuja
ISSN: 0357-2498
eISSN: 2342-4788
Publication year: 2008
Number in series: 207
Number of pages in the book: 122
Publisher: Liikunnan ja kansanterveyden edistämissäätiö
Place of Publication: Jyväskylä
Publication country: Finland
Publication language: English
Persistent website address: http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-86-0313-9
Publication open access: Openly available
Publication channel open access: Delayed open access channel
Additional information: Julkaistu digitaalisena 2024
Abstract
The structure and function of the circulatory system are essential for the metabolism and function of skeletal muscles. In healthy muscles exercise promotes the growth of new capillaries; a process called angiogenesis, and increases the production of angiogenic growth factors. In diabetic skeletal muscles angiogenesis has been shown to be impaired. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exercise and diabetes on blood and lymphatic vessels and their growth factors in skeletal muscle. Diabetes decreased the mRNA level of many genes known to be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, most interestingly those of VEGF-A and VEGF-B together with their receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1. Diabetes also increased mRNA levels of TSP-1, a known inhibitor of angiogenesis. The present study showed that streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the subsequent hyperglycemia reduce the mRNA levels of proangiogenic proteins and increase those of antiangiogenic ones together with decreased capillarization. This change of balance may be one of the major reasons for the markedly increased risk for peripheral vascular complications in diabetes. Endurance training alleviated some of these changes but did not fully restore the diabetes-induced defects. These training effects, seen in the. mRNA levels of angiogenesis-related genes, may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of regular endurance exercise in diabetic patients. This study also provided evidence that diabetes and exercise affect the production of angiogenic factors in both capillaries and muscle fibres, and that the responses are more pronounced in capillaries. With the newly found specific markers for the lymphatic endothelium, L YVE-1 and VEGFR-3, capillary-sized lymphatic vessels were visualised for the first time in human and mouse skeletal muscle capillary bed. Lymphangiogenesis growth factors VEGF-C and VEGF-D were found in skeletal muscle, but exercise did not affect their expression or the number of lymphatic capillaries. Diabetes increased the expression of VEGF-D and this seemed to be related to muscle fiber damage. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes are rapidly increasing in the western world. Human diabetes is closely related to central and peripheral cardiovascular diseases. To be able to efficiently prevent and treat diabetes-related cardiovascular problems it is important to know the mechanisms by which diabetes negatively affects the circulation. This study provided data on the mechanisms by which exercise affects capillarization also in diabetic skeletal muscle.
Keywords: angiogenesis; extremities; muscles; blood vessels; lymphatic system; physical training; blood circulation; diabetes; doctoral dissertations
Free keywords: skeletal muscle; exercise; lymphatic vessels
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