A1 Journal article (refereed)
Coupling of iron and dissolved organic matter in lakes–selective retention of different size fractions (2023)

Riise, G., Haaland, S. L., & Xiao, Y. (2023). Coupling of iron and dissolved organic matter in lakes–selective retention of different size fractions. Aquatic Sciences, 85(2), Article 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-023-00956-w

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Riise, Gunnhild; Haaland, Ståle Leif; Xiao, Yihua

Journal or series: Aquatic Sciences

ISSN: 1015-1621

eISSN: 1420-9055

Publication year: 2023

Publication date: 26/03/2023

Volume: 85

Issue number: 2

Article number: 57

Publisher: Springer

Publication country: Switzerland

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-023-00956-w

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Partially open access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/86636

Abstract

Increasing concentration of iron (Fe) is observed in many boreal lakes, such as for the present study in Oslo Østmark, SE-Norway (1983–2018). As Fe-regulating processes are complex and dynamic, the link between mobilizing and retention processes is still not well understood. A seasonal study (2017–2018) from two headwaters, with medium and high dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations, showed that the loading of Fe to the lakes was highly dependent on flow conditions. Significantly higher values of Fe were related to autumn and winter periods with high runoff of highly colored and aromatic DOM compared to a severe drought period with minimum Fe values in the lakes. Compared to DOM, a significantly larger part of Fe was in a colloidal form, and a size-selective process (dependent on flow and water retention time) seemed to preferentially settle Fe compared to DOM. In contrast to Fe, the variability in DOM concentrations was moderate through the whole year. However, there were significant changes in the spectroscopic properties of DOM, with decreased fluorescence intensity and increased spectral slope during the warm dry season, indicating increased importance of DOM turnover in the lake. As Fe was transported from the catchment during high flow condition, at the same time as the oxic form of sulfur (SO42−), there was no sign of retention of Fe as FeS. We conclude that the mobilization and retention of compounds that are mainly in a colloidal form, such as Fe, are especially vulnerable to changes in flow conditions, suggesting increased variation in Fe levels in a future climate with increased frequency of flooding and drought episodes.

Keywords: iron; dissolved organic carbon; organic material; biogeochemical cycles; water quality; lakes; boreal zone; sulfates; hydrogeochemistry

Free keywords: iron; dissolved organic matter; mobilization; retention; colloidal fraction; sulfate

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Ministry reporting: Yes

VIRTA submission year: 2023

JUFO rating: 1