A1 Journal article (refereed)
Antiviral functionalization of cellulose using tannic acid and tannin-rich extracts (2023)

Haapakoski, M., Emelianov, A., Reshamwala, D., Laajala, M., Tienaho, J., Kilpeläinen, P., Liimatainen, J., Jyske, T., Pettersson, M., & Marjomäki, V. (2023). Antiviral functionalization of cellulose using tannic acid and tannin-rich extracts. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, Article 1287167. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287167

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Haapakoski, Marjo; Emelianov, Aleksei; Reshamwala, Dhanik; Laajala, Mira; Tienaho, Jenni; Kilpeläinen, Petri; Liimatainen, Jaana; Jyske, Tuula; Pettersson, Mika; Marjomäki, Varpu

Journal or series: Frontiers in Microbiology

eISSN: 1664-302X

Publication year: 2023

Publication date: 06/12/2023

Volume: 14

Article number: 1287167

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication country: Switzerland

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287167

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Open Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/92511

Abstract

Due to seasonally appearing viruses and several outbreaks and present pandemic, we are surrounded by viruses in our everyday life. In order to reduce viral transmission, functionalized surfaces that inactivate viruses are in large demand. Here the endeavor was to functionalize cellulose-based materials with tannic acid (TA) and tannin-rich extracts by using different binding polymers to prevent viral infectivity of both non-enveloped coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and enveloped human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Direct antiviral efficacy of TA and spruce bark extract in solution was measured: EC50 for CVB3 was 0.12 and 8.41 μg/ml and for HCoV-OC43, 78.16 and 95.49 μg/ml, respectively. TA also led to an excellent 5.8- to 7-log reduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infectivity. TA functionalized materials reduced infectivity already after 5-min treatment at room temperature. All the tested methods to bind TA showed efficacy on paperboard with 0.1 to 1% (w/v) TA concentrations against CVB3 whereas material hydrophobicity decreased activities. Specific signatures for TA and HCoV-OC43 were discovered by Raman spectroscopy and showed clear co-localization on the material. qPCR study suggested efficient binding of CVB3 to the TA functionalized cellulose whereas HCoV-OC43 was flushed out from the surfaces more readily. In conclusion, the produced TA-materials showed efficient and broadly acting antiviral efficacy. Additionally, the co-localization of TA and HCoV-OC43 and strong binding of CVB3 to the functionalized cellulose demonstrates an interaction with the surfaces. The produced antiviral surfaces thus show promise for future use to increase biosafety and biosecurity by reducing pathogen persistence.

Keywords: cellulose; tannins; bark; antimicrobial compounds; enteroviruses; coronaviruses; Raman spectroscopy

Free keywords: antiviral functionalization; enteroviruses; coronaviruses; tannic acid; cellulose; bark extract; Raman spectroscopy

Contributing organizations

Related projects

Ministry reporting: Yes

VIRTA submission year: 2023

JUFO rating: 1