A1 Journal article (refereed)
Use of Waste Sodium Sulfate from Battery Chemical Production in the Preparation of Alkali-Activated Materials (2024)

Heponiemi, A., Pesonen, J., Tynjälä, P., & Lassi, U. (2024). Use of Waste Sodium Sulfate from Battery Chemical Production in the Preparation of Alkali-Activated Materials. ACS Sustainable Resource Management, 1(7), 1400-1407. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00052

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Heponiemi, Anne; Pesonen, Janne; Tynjälä, Pekka; Lassi, Ulla

Journal or series: ACS Sustainable Resource Management

eISSN: 2837-1445

Publication year: 2024

Publication date: 06/07/2024

Volume: 1

Issue number: 7

Pages range: 1400-1407

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Publication country: United States

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acssusresmgt.4c00052

Publication open access: Not open

Publication channel open access: 

Abstract

Large amounts of metal sulfates are formed annually in industrial activities. Until now, there has been no cost-efficient technical method for the treatment of sulfate wastes. In this article, we present a study on the reuse of waste sodium sulfate solution from battery chemical production in the synthesis of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). Blast furnace slag was used as a raw material for the synthesis of AAM, and it was mixed with different ratios of sodium hydroxide and waste sodium sulfate solution. Characterization results showed that prepared materials had a similar kind of phase structure and a typical AAM composition. In addition, the chemical stability of the prepared AAMs was at a satisfactory level, and they obtained a high mechanical strength, 13.3 MPa, when up to 40 wt % of waste sulfate was added. Therefore, a waste sulfate solution is a potential raw material for the synthesis of AAMs.

Keywords: sulfates; industrial sewage; slag; by-products; waste utilisation; geopolymers

Free keywords: sodium sulfate; alkali activation; battery industry; alkali-activated material; geopolymer

Contributing organizations

Ministry reporting: Yes

VIRTA submission year: 2024

Preliminary JUFO rating: 0