A1 Journal article (refereed)
Microwave Exfoliated Few-Layered Graphene Cathode for Aluminum Batteries (2024)
Petnikota, S., Simões, D. R. G., Kayakool, F. A., Vadali, V. S. S. S., Välikangas, J., Lassi, U., & Thyrel, M. (2024). Microwave Exfoliated Few-Layered Graphene Cathode for Aluminum Batteries. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 7(16), 6862-6872. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c00444
JYU authors or editors
Publication details
All authors or editors: Petnikota, Shaikshavali; Simões, Dos Reis Glaydson; Kayakool, Fathima Ali; Vadali, Venkata Satya Siva Srikanth; Välikangas, Juho; Lassi, Ulla; Thyrel, Mikael
Journal or series: ACS Applied Energy Materials
ISSN: 2574-0962
eISSN: 2574-0962
Publication year: 2024
Publication date: 14/08/2024
Volume: 7
Issue number: 16
Pages range: 6862-6872
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Publication country: United States
Publication language: English
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.4c00444
Publication open access: Openly available
Publication channel open access: Partially open access channel
Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/96672
Abstract
Microwave-exfoliated few-layered graphene (meFLG) with oxygen, hydroxyl, and sulfate impurities is tested as a cathode material in aluminum batteries (ABs). The O and S impurities bonded to C atoms are found collectively weighing 2.9–4.7 at. % (4.1–6.9 wt %). meFLG as a cathode in AB pouches delivered stable discharge capacities around 100 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g current rate over 500 cycles, despite high irreversible capacities noticed for the first few cycles. Side reactions of the impurities with the electrolyte species are found to be responsible for the initial high irreversible capacities. The effect of the impurities became negligible when meFLG cycled at higher current rates starting from 1.0 A/g, but initial energy storage capacities and cyclic behavior varied with the voltage window. Postcycling chemical analysis of the electrode matrix revealed that anion species (AlCl4–) of the electrolyte are found covalently bonded to the impurities, while cation species are found intact even after 500 cycles of continuous charge–discharges. We therefore recommend careful characterization of the impurities before using FLG-related materials as aluminum battery cathode materials. Removing the impurities before the electrode fabrication will help meFLG outperform its class of materials because it shows excellent rate capability even with the impurities.
Keywords: accumulators; aluminium; electrodes; graphene; impurities; microwaves
Free keywords: microwave-exfoliation; few-layered graphene; impurities; aluminum batteries; cathode; AlCl4− anions
Contributing organizations
Ministry reporting: Yes
VIRTA submission year: 2024
Preliminary JUFO rating: 1