A1 Journal article (refereed)
Mental disorders and long-term labour market outcomes : nationwide cohort study of 2 055 720 individuals (2019)
Hakulinen, C., Elovainio, M., Arffman, M., Lumme, S., Pirkola, S., Keskimäki, I., Manderbacka, K., & Böckerman, P. (2019). Mental disorders and long-term labour market outcomes : nationwide cohort study of 2 055 720 individuals. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 140(4), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13067
JYU authors or editors
Publication details
All authors or editors: Hakulinen, Christian; Elovainio, Marko; Arffman, Martti; Lumme, Sonja; Pirkola, Sami; Keskimäki, Ilmo; Manderbacka, Kristiina; Böckerman, Petri
Journal or series: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
ISSN: 0001-690X
eISSN: 1600-0447
Publication year: 2019
Volume: 140
Issue number: 4
Pages range: 371-381
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Publication country: United States
Publication language: English
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13067
Publication open access: Not open
Publication channel open access:
Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/65090
Abstract
Methods: Nationwide cohort study including individuals (n=2 055 720) living in Finland between 1963 and 1990, who were alive at the end of the year they turned 25. Mental disorder diagnosis between ages 15 and 25 was used as the exposure. The level of education, employment status, annual wage or self‐employment earnings, and annual total income between ages 25 and 52 (measurement years 1988‐2015) were used as the outcomes.
Results: All serious mental disorders were associated with increased risk of not being employed and not having any secondary or higher education between ages 25 and 52. The earnings for individuals with serious mental disorders were considerably low, and the annual median total income remained rather stable between ages 25 and 52 for most of the mental disorder groups.
Conclusions: Serious mental disorders are associated with low employment rates and poor educational outcomes, leading to a substantial loss of total earnings over the life course.
Keywords: mental disorders; employment; level of education; level of income; cohort study
Free keywords: mental disorders; income; education; employment
Contributing organizations
Ministry reporting: Yes
Reporting Year: 2019
JUFO rating: 1