A1 Journal article (refereed)
“All under heaven as one family” : Tianxiaist ideology and the emerging Chinese great power identity (2019)

Puranen, M. (2019). “All under heaven as one family” : Tianxiaist ideology and the emerging Chinese great power identity. Journal of China and International Relations, 7(1), 44-61. https://doi.org/10.5278/jcir.v7i1.3542

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Puranen, Matti

Journal or series: Journal of China and International Relations

eISSN: 2245-8921

Publication year: 2019

Volume: 7

Issue number: 1

Pages range: 44-61

Publisher: Aalborg Universitet

Publication country: Denmark

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5278/jcir.v7i1.3542

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Open Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/67769

Abstract

The rise of China is perhaps the most important development in world politics today. It is challenging the very foundations of the liberal international order that the Western great powers have created. Yet, as China emerges as an economic and political powerhouse with global influence, it is not at all clear what kind of a great power it will become, and what kind of a world order it sees as its ideal. Chinese official foreign policy rhetoric on the subject offers only vaguely described slogans and concepts. Another approach for studying “China’s mind” is to study China’s academic discourse on world politics and foreign relations. In this article, the academic debate around the concept of tianxia (天下. in English: all under heaven) is analyzed, in order to study the great power identities that China is constructing for itself as it prepares for a bigger role in world politics. The article argues that the “tianxia theory” is attempting to distance China from “the West” by creating a completely unique civilizational identity for China. The tianxiaist narrative argues that, because of its unique character and because of its “harmonious” and “worldly” tianxia conception of world politics, China can offer fresh and relevant alternatives for the international community. This is not only a concern for political philosophers, as the concepts of tianxia theory also seem to be influencing and inspiring the foreign policy thinking of the Chinese government.

Keywords: national identity; Chinese identity; great powers; power politics; world order; foreign policy; political theory

Free keywords: Tianxia theory; tianxiaism; Chinese foreign policy; Chinese great power identity

Contributing organizations

Ministry reporting: Yes

VIRTA submission year: 2019

JUFO rating: 1