A1 Journal article (refereed)
Toxicity of binary mixtures of Cu, Cr and As to the earthworm Eisenia andrei (2020)

Kilpi-Koski, J., Penttinen, O.-P., Väisänen, A. O., & van Gestel, C. A. M. (2020). Toxicity of binary mixtures of Cu, Cr and As to the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Ecotoxicology, 29(7), 900-911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02240-1

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Kilpi-Koski, Johanna; Penttinen, Olli-Pekka; Väisänen, Ari O.; van Gestel, Cornelis A. M.

Journal or series: Ecotoxicology

ISSN: 0963-9292

eISSN: 1573-3017

Publication year: 2020

Volume: 29

Issue number: 7

Pages range: 900-911

Publisher: Springer

Publication country: United States

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02240-1

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Partially open access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/71074

Abstract

Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures were used in the past for wood preservation, leading to large scale soil contamination. This study aimed at contributing to the risk assessment of CCA-contaminated soils by assessing the toxicity of binary mixtures of copper, chromium and arsenic to the earthworm Eisenia andrei in OECD artificial soil. Mixture effects were related to reference models of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) using the MIXTOX model, with effects being related to total and available (H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable) concentrations in the soil. Since only in mixtures with arsenic dose-related mortality occurred (LC50 92.5 mg/kg dry soil), it was not possible to analyze the mixture effects on earthworm survival with the MIXTOX model. EC50s for effects of Cu, Cr and As on earthworm reproduction, based on total soil concentrations, were 154, 449 and 9.1 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. Effects of mixtures were mainly antagonistic when related to the CA model but additive related to the IA model. This was the case when mixture effects were based on total and H2O-extractable concentrations; when based on CaCl2-extractable concentrations effects mainly were additive related to the CA model except for the Cr–As mixture which acted antagonistically. These results suggest that the CCA components do interact leading to a reduced toxicity when present in a mixture.

Keywords: ecotoxicology; wood preservatives; heavy metals; toxicity; bioavailability; soil; soil pollution; Lumbricidae

Free keywords: bioavailability; CCA metals; Freundlich sorption isotherms; MIXTOX model; mixture toxicity.

Contributing organizations

Ministry reporting: Yes

Reporting Year: 2020

JUFO rating: 1