A1 Journal article (refereed)
From Norway Spruce Bark to Carbon Foams : Characterization, and Applications (2020)

Varila, T., Brännström, H., Kilpeläinen, P., Hellström, J., Romar, H., Nurmi, J., & Lassi, U. (2020). From Norway Spruce Bark to Carbon Foams : Characterization, and Applications. BioResources, 15(2), 3651-3666. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3651-3666

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Varila, Toni; Brännström, Hanna; Kilpeläinen, Petri; Hellström, Jarkko; Romar, Henrik; Nurmi, Juha; Lassi, Ulla

Journal or series: BioResources

eISSN: 1930-2126

Publication year: 2020

Volume: 15

Issue number: 2

Pages range: 3651-3666

Publisher: Dept. of Wood and Paper Science, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University

Publication country: United States

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.2.3651-3666

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Open Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/71397

Abstract

Fresh bark from spruce Picea abies was milled and extracted with hot water. The extracts were purified in a number of steps in order to get tannin-extracts pure enough to prepare tannin-based carbon foams. The chemical composition of the extracts were analyzed. The foams were maturated and thermally treated to obtain desired properties, such as specific surface area, porosity, and compressive strength. It was possible to produce carbon foams even if they contained carbohydrate impurities. Differences in the properties of the carbon foams such as compressive strength, specific surface areas, and pore size distributions might be related to the compositions of the extracts. The foams were finally activated chemically and physically and were tested in adsorption of methylene blue. Results from the adsorption tests showed that adsorption was highly related to the total pore volume and the amount of mesopores created inside the foam structure during the thermal treatment.

Keywords: biomass (industry); bark; Norway spruce; extraction (chemistry); tannins; foams; biomaterials; porosity; adsorption

Free keywords: bark; biomass; carbon foams; extractives; spruce; tannins

Contributing organizations

Related projects

Ministry reporting: Yes

Reporting Year: 2020

JUFO rating: 1