G5 Doctoral dissertation (article)
Studying factors that contribute to uncoating of enteroviruses (2020)


Ruokolainen, V. (2020). Studying factors that contribute to uncoating of enteroviruses [Doctoral dissertation]. Jyväskylän yliopisto. JYU dissertations, 302. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8345-1


JYU authors or editors


Publication details

All authors or editorsRuokolainen, Visa

eISBN978-951-39-8345-1

Journal or seriesJYU dissertations

eISSN2489-9003

Publication year2020

Number in series302

Number of pages in the book1 verkkoaineisto (61 sivua, 44 sivua useina numerointijaksoina)

PublisherJyväskylän yliopisto

Place of PublicationJyväskylä

Publication countryFinland

Publication languageEnglish

Persistent website addresshttp://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-39-8345-1

Publication open accessOpenly available

Publication channel open accessOpen Access channel


Abstract

Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with a positive sense single stranded RNA genome. They cause different diseases in humans, usually with symptoms of common cold, but also more severe acute and chronic infections such as encephalitis and type 1 diabetes. Although the structure and infection pathway of many entero-viruses is rather well-known, many important details remain unresolved. For some enteroviruses receptor binding or low pH has been shown to convert them from an intact to an intermediate particle, which is needed for successful infection. However, B-species enteroviruses do not rely on the same factors e.g. low pH for efficient infec-tion. Furthermore, the decisive factor releasing the enterovirus genome, is still un-known. Learning these missing factors is important for understanding the virus in-fection in more detail, that in turn provides basis for developing antiviral strategies. This study concentrates on two B-species enteroviruses, echovirus 1 and cox-sackievirus A9, aiming to resolve if physiological factors, serum albumin and ion changes during the virus infection, trigger the virus transformation from intact to altered particles, and possibly further to genome release. We found that both factors contribute to formation of an intermediate particle of both viruses. Furthermore, spe-cific changes in the ionic milieu led to the final genome release. The studied factors resulted in rather similar changes in their cryo-EM structures that are found for other enteroviruses primed using factors such as heat, low pH and receptor binding. However, we found that priming the coxsackievirus A9 using ion changes or albu-min resulted in slightly different changes in virus capsid proteins: albumin resulted in more stable virus intermediate particle, whereas ions altered the virus capsid into a stage closer to the genome release. In the third part of this study, the aim was to develop a novel tool for live cell imaging of enterovirus entry and uncoating. We first solved the structure of intercalating RNA dye SYBR green II, modified it for better fluorescent properties and different binding capabilities, and finally verified its supe-riority in virus uncoating assays.


KeywordsenterovirusesECHO virusesinfectionscell physiologyalbumensionstracers (indicators)fluorescence microscopy

Free keywordsalbumin; enterovirus uncoating; fluorescence measurement; genome release; intercalating fluorophore; intermediate particle; ions


Contributing organizations


Ministry reportingYes

VIRTA submission year2020


Last updated on 2024-03-04 at 20:55