A1 Journal article (refereed)
Retirement age and type as predictors of frailty : a retrospective cohort study of older businessmen (2020)
Haapanen, M. J., von Bonsdorff, M. B., Perttilä, N. M., Törmäkangas, T., von Bonsdorff, M. E., Strandberg, A. Y., & Strandberg, T. E. (2020). Retirement age and type as predictors of frailty : a retrospective cohort study of older businessmen. BMJ Open, 10(12), Article e037722. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037722
JYU authors or editors
Publication details
All authors or editors: Haapanen, Markus J.; von Bonsdorff, Mikaela B.; Perttilä, Niko M.; Törmäkangas, Timo; von Bonsdorff, Monika E.; Strandberg, Arto Y.; Strandberg, Timo E.
Journal or series: BMJ Open
ISSN: 2044-6055
eISSN: 2044-6055
Publication year: 2020
Publication date: 01/01/2020
Volume: 10
Issue number: 12
Article number: e037722
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
Publication country: United Kingdom
Publication language: English
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037722
Publication open access: Openly available
Publication channel open access: Open Access channel
Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/73733
Abstract
Design: Cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Helsinki Businessmen Study.
Setting: Helsinki, Finland.
Participants: 1324 Caucasian men, born in 1919-1934, who had worked as business executives and managers and of whom 95.9% had retired by the year 2000. Questions on age at and type of retirement, lifestyle and chronic conditions were embedded in questionnaires.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: Frailty assessed according to a modified phenotype definition at mean age 73.3 years.
Results: Mean age at retirement was 61.3 years (SD 4.3) and 37.1% had retired due to old age. The prevalence of frailty was lowest among men retiring at ages 66-67 years but increased among those who worked up to age 70 years or older. Compared with men who retired before age 55 years, those retiring at ages 58-69 years were at decreased risk of frailty in old age relative to non-frailty (adjusted ORs 0.07-0.29, p<0.05). Compared with men who transitioned into old age retirement, those who retired due to disability were at increased risk of prefrailty (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.32) and frailty (adjusted OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.29), relative to non-frailty.
Conclusion: Exiting working life early and continuing to be occupationally active until age 70 years and older were both associated with increased risk of frailty among the men. Promotion of longer work careers could, however, promote healthier ageing, as the lowest prevalence of frailty was observed in former business executives who retired at ages 66-67 years.
Keywords: older people; ageing; frailty syndrome; retirement; retirement age; cohort study
Contributing organizations
Related projects
- Path and structural equation models of high-dimensional data in bioinformatics with applications for aging research
- Törmäkangas, Timo
- Research Council of Finland
Ministry reporting: Yes
Reporting Year: 2020
JUFO rating: 1
