A1 Journal article (refereed)
Shaping graphene with optical forging : from a single blister to complex 3D structures (2021)

Mentel, K. K., Manninen, J., Hiltunen, V.-M., Myllyperkiö, P., Johansson, A., & Pettersson, M. (2021). Shaping graphene with optical forging : from a single blister to complex 3D structures. Nanoscale Advances, 3(5), 1431-1442. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00832J

JYU authors or editors

Mentel, Kamila
Manninen, Jyrki
Hiltunen, Vesa-Matti
Myllyperkiö, Pasi
Johansson, Andreas
Pettersson, Mika

Publication details

All authors or editors: Mentel, Kamila K.; Manninen, Jyrki; Hiltunen, Vesa-Matti; Myllyperkiö, Pasi; Johansson, Andreas; Pettersson, Mika

Journal or series: Nanoscale Advances

eISSN: 2516-0230

Publication year: 2021

Volume: 3

Issue number: 5

Pages range: 1431-1442

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

Publication country: United Kingdom

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NA00832J

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Open Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/74669

Abstract

Properties of graphene, such as electrical conduction and rigidity can be tuned by introducing local strain or defects into its lattice. We used optical forging, a direct laser writing method, under an inert gas atmosphere, to produce complex 3D patterns of single layer graphene. We observed bulging of graphene out of the plane due to defect induced lattice expansion. By applying low peak fluences, we obtained a 3D-shaped graphene surface without either ablating it or deforming the underlying Si/SiO2 substrate. We used micromachining theory to estimate the single-pulse modification threshold fluence of graphene, which was 8.3 mJ cm−2, being an order of magnitude lower than the threshold for ablation. The control of exposure parameters allowed the preparation of blisters with various topographies. The optically forged structures were studied with atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Optically forged blisters act as building blocks in the formation of more complex structures. We found a simple geometric rule that helps to predict the shape of complex patterns which are created by the overlapping multiple exposures. Optical forging enables writing of extended patterns with diffraction unlimited features, which makes this method promising in the production of nanodevices with locally induced surface modifications.

Keywords: graphene; electric conductivity

Fields of science: