A1 Journal article (refereed)
Effects of exercise frequency and training volume on bone changes following a multi-component exercise intervention in middle aged and older men : secondary analysis of an 18-month randomized controlled trial (2021)

Daly, R. M., Dalla Via, J., Fyfe, J. J., Nikander, R., & Kukuljan, S. (2021). Effects of exercise frequency and training volume on bone changes following a multi-component exercise intervention in middle aged and older men : secondary analysis of an 18-month randomized controlled trial. Bone, 148, Article 115944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.115944

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Daly, Robin M.; Dalla Via, Jack; Fyfe, Jackson J.; Nikander, Riku; Kukuljan, Sonja

Journal or series: Bone

ISSN: 8756-3282

eISSN: 1873-2763

Publication year: 2021

Volume: 148

Article number: 115944

Publisher: Elsevier

Publication country: United States

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.115944

Publication open access: Not open

Publication channel open access: 

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/75155

Abstract

Progressive resistance training (PRT) combined with weight-bearing impact exercise are recommended to optimize bone health, but the optimal frequency and dose of training remains uncertain. This study, which is a secondary analysis of an 18-month intervention in men aged 50–79 years, examined the association between exercise frequency and the volume of training with changes in DXA and QCT-derived femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone outcomes, respectively. Men were allocated to either thrice-weekly PRT plus impact exercise training (n = 87) or a non-exercising (n = 85) group. Average weekly exercise frequency (ExFreq) and training volume per session [PRT volume (weight lifted, kg), number of weight-bearing impacts (jumps completed) and total training volume] over the 18-months were calculated from the participants' exercise cards. Regression analysis showed that average weekly ExFreq and training volume per session were positively associated with the 18-month changes in FN BMD and LS trabecular volumetric BMD. Men completing on average 1 to <2 and ≥ 2 sessions/week had a 1.6 to 2.2% greater net gain in FN BMD relative to non-exercising men, while those completing ≥2 sessions/week had 3.9 to 5.2% net gain in LS trabecular vBMD compared to non-exercising men and those completing <1 session/week. Further analysis showed that the average number of impact loads per session, but not the average PRT weight-lifted, was positively associated with changes in BMD. Every 10 impact loads per session over 18 months was associated with a 0.3% and 1.3% increase in FN BMD and LS trabecular vBMD, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that exercise frequency and training volume were predictors of the changes in hip and spine BMD following a multi-component exercise program, and that the number of impact loads rather than PRT weight lifted per session was more important for eliciting positive skeletal responses in middle-aged and older men.

Keywords: bodyweight exercise; strength training; bone density; middle-aged persons; older people; men

Free keywords: weight-bearing exercise; resistance training; dose-response; bone mineral density; older men

Contributing organizations

Ministry reporting: Yes

Reporting Year: 2021

JUFO rating: 2