A1 Journal article (refereed)
The focus and timing of gaze matters : Investigating collaborative knowledge construction in a simulation-based environment by combined video and eye tracking (2022)

Lämsä, J., Kotkajuuri, J., Lehtinen, A., Koskinen, P., Mäntylä, T., Kilpeläinen, J., & Hämäläinen, R. (2022). The focus and timing of gaze matters : Investigating collaborative knowledge construction in a simulation-based environment by combined video and eye tracking. Frontiers in Education, 7, Article 942224. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.942224

JYU authors or editors

Publication details

All authors or editors: Lämsä, Joni; Kotkajuuri, Jimi; Lehtinen, Antti; Koskinen, Pekka; Mäntylä, Terhi; Kilpeläinen, Jasmin; Hämäläinen, Raija

Journal or series: Frontiers in Education

eISSN: 2504-284X

Publication year: 2022

Publication date: 20/10/2022

Volume: 7

Article number: 942224

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Publication country: Switzerland

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.942224

Publication open access: Openly available

Publication channel open access: Open Access channel

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/83756

Abstract

Although eye tracking has been successfully used in science education research, exploiting its potential in collaborative knowledge construction has remained sporadic. This article presents a novel approach for studying collaborative knowledge construction in a simulation-based environment by combining both the spatial and temporal dimensions of eye-tracking data with video data. For this purpose, we have investigated two undergraduate physics student pairs solving an electrostatics problem in a simulation-based environment via Zoom. The analysis of the video data of the students’ conversations focused on the different collaborative knowledge construction levels (new idea, explication, evaluation, and non-content-related talk and silent moments), along with the temporal visualizations of the collaborative knowledge construction processes. The eye-tracking data of the students’ gaze, as analyzed by epistemic network analysis, focused on the pairs’ spatial and temporal gaze behavior. We illustrate how gaze behavior can shed light on collaborative knowledge construction in terms of the quantity of the talk (e.g., gaze behavior can shed light on the different activities of the pairs during the silent moments), quality of the talk (e.g., gaze behavior can shed light on the different approaches when constructing knowledge on physical phenomena), and temporality of collaborative knowledge construction processes [e.g., gaze behavior can shed light on (the lack of) attempts to acquire the supporting or contrasting evidence on the initial ideas on the physical phenomena]. We also discuss the possibilities and limitations of gaze behavior to reveal the critical moments in the collaborative knowledge construction processes.

Keywords: collaborative learning; eye tracking; gaze; video; multimodality; simulation; models (objects); problem solving; cooperation (general)

Free keywords: epistemic network analysis; collaborative knowledge construction; multimodal data

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Ministry reporting: Yes

VIRTA submission year: 2022

JUFO rating: 1