A1 Journal article (refereed)
Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? : A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults (2023)

Kekäläinen, T., Terracciano, A., Tirkkonen, A., Savikangas, T., Hänninen, T., Stigsdotter, N. A., Sipilä, S., & Kokko, K. (2023). Does personality moderate the efficacy of physical and cognitive training interventions? : A 12-month randomized controlled trial in older adults. Personality and individual differences, 202, Article 111957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957

JYU authors or editors

Kekäläinen, Tiia
Tirkkonen, Anna-Katriina
Savikangas, Tiina
Sipilä, Sarianna
Kokko, Katja

Publication details

All authors or editors: Kekäläinen, Tiia; Terracciano, Antonio; Tirkkonen, Anna; Savikangas, Tiina; Hänninen, Tuomo; Stigsdotter, Neely Anna; Sipilä, Sarianna; Kokko, Katja

Journal or series: Personality and individual differences

ISSN: 0191-8869

eISSN: 1873-3549

Publication year: 2023

Volume: 202

Article number: 111957

Publisher: Elsevier

Publication country: United Kingdom

Publication language: English

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111957

Publication open access: Not open

Publication channel open access: Channel is not openly available

Publication is parallel published (JYX): https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/88657

Abstract

This study investigated whether personality traits moderate the effects of a 12-month physical or combined physical and cognitive training interventions on physical and cognitive functioning. Participants were community-dwelling 70–85-year-old adults (n = 314). They were randomly assigned to physical training (weekly supervised walking/balance and strength/balance training, home exercises 2–3×/wk and moderate aerobic activity) or to a physical and cognitive training group (the same physical training and computer training on executive functions 3–4×/wk). The outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention were physical (maximum gait speed, six-minute walking distance, dual-task cost on gait speed) and cognitive functioning (Stroop, Trail-Making Test-B, verbal fluency, CERAD total score). Personality traits (NEO-PI-3, n = 239) were assessed post-intervention. Personality traits did not moderate intervention effects on physical functioning. Higher openness was associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores, especially in the physical and cognitive training group (group×time×trait B = -0.08, p = .038). Lower neuroticism (time×trait B = -0.04, p = .021) and higher conscientiousness (time×trait B = 0.04, p = .027) were associated with greater improvement in CERAD scores in both groups. Personality traits had mostly null moderating effects across physical and cognitive outcomes, with the possible exception of CERAD score. Individuals with more adaptive personality traits gained more on global cognitive scores during a 12-month training intervention.

Keywords: cognition; physical activity; personality traits; memory (cognition); executive functions (psychology)

Free keywords: physical activity; cognition; personality traits; memory; executive functions

Fields of science: