A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes (2024)


Ihalainen, J. K., Takalo, S., Mjøsund, K., Solli, G. S., Valtonen, M., Kokkonen, M., Hackney, A. C., & Mikkonen, R. S. (2024). Self-Reported Performance and Hormonal-Cycle-Related Symptoms in Competitive Female Athletes. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 32(1), Article wspaj.2023-0102. https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0102


JYU-tekijät tai -toimittajat


Julkaisun tiedot

Julkaisun kaikki tekijät tai toimittajat: Ihalainen, Johanna K.; Takalo, Sinikka; Mjøsund, Katja; Solli, Guro Strøm; Valtonen, Maarit; Kokkonen, Marja; Hackney, Anthony C.; Mikkonen, Ritva S.

Lehti tai sarja: Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal

ISSN: 1063-6161

eISSN: 1938-1581

Julkaisuvuosi: 2024

Volyymi: 32

Lehden numero: 1

Artikkelinumero: wspaj.2023-0102

Kustantaja: Human Kinetics Publishers

Julkaisumaa: Yhdysvallat (USA)

Julkaisun kieli: englanti

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2023-0102

Julkaisun avoin saatavuus: Ei avoin

Julkaisukanavan avoin saatavuus: 


Tiivistelmä

Introduction: The present scientific consensus is that the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) cycle only influence performance trivially. Nevertheless, athletes perceive changes in performance that they associate with different phases of their hormonal cycle.
Methods: A total of 959 female athletes completed a questionnaire, of which 750 were included in the present analysis. The questionnaire included questions about demographics and experiences of the MC and HC (symptoms, perceived impact on performance characteristics).
Results: In total, 55% of athletes reported a natural MC while 45% reported HC use. Meanwhile, 56% of all athletes reported a decline in perceived performance during the bleeding or inactive phase, whereas 26% of all athletes reported no changes in performance over their hormonal cycle. All athletes reported an average of 10 ± 7 symptoms during hormonal cycles. The naturally menstruating (NM) group reported more symptoms than the HC group (p < .05). The most frequent symptoms reported were abdominal pain, bloating, and mood swings. Only 7% of all athletes (4.1% in NM and 11.3% in HC) reported an absence of any symptoms. Quantity of total symptoms was associated with a perceived decrease in performance (R2 = .138, p < .05). Hormonal cycles had the greatest negative effect on mental performance with 37% reporting a large to very large effect.
Conclusions: Perceived negative effects on performance were similar in both NM and HC groups while perceived mental performance (e.g., mood and attention) appeared to be most affected by both MC and HC.


YSO-asiasanat: kuukautiskierto; ehkäisymenetelmät; sukupuolihormonit; sivuvaikutukset

Vapaat asiasanat: menstrual cycle; hormonal contraceptives; sex hormones; mental performance; side effects


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Hankkeet, joissa julkaisu on tehty


OKM-raportointi: Kyllä

VIRTA-lähetysvuosi: 2024

Alustava JUFO-taso: 1


Viimeisin päivitys 2024-14-10 klo 15:10